This article describes important initiatives of Open Acces. Three fundamental initiatives are introduced - Budapest Open Access Initiative, Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing and Berlin Declaration on Open to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities. Author presents main characteristics of Initiatives, points out new opportunities of publishing and dispensing the idea of open access to knowledge in the research and development.

This article identifies some of the current challenges and activities in definiton of Open Access from the perspective of library and information science. It puts forward the view that it is high time the library and information world adopted a standard, defensible and integrated terminology. The author explores the role of methods, approaches and occasions for terminology integration in the area of Open Access. New ways to define the Open Access phenomenon in Czech library terminology are sought - the author attepmts to provoke debate about this topic.